Cyp2c19 and cyp3a4 are the major players in the metabolism of benzodiazepines that undergo phase i metabolism figure 1. Noteplease check our parent article on metabolism of pharmaceutical drugs and xenobiotics for other metabolic pathways. The primary objective of drug metabolism is to facilitate a drugs excretion by increasing its water solubility hydrophilicity. Phase i reactions include oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis that are catalyzed by several enzymes including cytochrome p450. Jan 09, 2015 when did my first read through of diane kresss metabolism miracle, i found it hard to keep all the details on the dos and donts of step 1 straight. Learn 1 phase 2 metabolism with free interactive flashcards. Two general categories of drug metabolism occur in the liver. But the rules of eating breakfast in red tea detox fast metabolism diet plan pdf are quite different. In other words, the metabolites are pharmacologically inactive.
The terms in the table below are a collection of items from the lectures that you should be able to define and relate in a sentence or two to drug metabolism as set out in the notes. Oxidative metabolism of aliphatic and alicyclic molecules involves the addition of a hydroxyl group to a methyl group. I grabbed a notepad and started taking notes, which developed into the cheat sheets im sharing with you all today. Phase i reactions include oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis that are catalyzed by. Jan 29, 2018 it is day 2 of phase 1, first week of the fast metabolism diet. Phase 1 reactions produce functional groups that can participate in phase 2 reactions. This is a highglycemic, moderateprotein, lowfat phase. In this post we will see the different of the fast metabolism diet phase and phase a menu for a week, and what type of food they eat. Fast metabolism diet phase 1 food list unwind stress and calm the adrenals. Start a healthy diet from now on by consuming food with proper portions.
Although phase i drug metabolism occurs in most tissues, the primary and first pass site of metabolism occurs during hepatic circulation. Phase 1 metabolism con verts benzene into a variety of metabolites, but the major one is phenol. You dont need to be on the diet to enjoy the healthy fat free recipes i am posting. Pdf on feb 1, 2005, p david josephy and others published phase i and phase ii drug metabolism. Phases of drug metabolism phase 1 drug metabolism functional conversion to polar metabolites in preparation for conjugation mostly in endoplasmic reticulum of the liver oh, nh2, sh, cooh often results in inactive metabolite, although sometimes metabolite more active prepares drug for phase 2 metabolism. Metabolism by cytochrome p450 enzyme systhem cyp450.
When did my first read through of diane kresss metabolism miracle, i found it hard to keep all the details on the dos and donts of step 1 straight. Alternatively, you can also get our printable fast metabolism diet phase 1 food list pdf through this link. Fast metabolism diet phase 1 food list how to build up your metabolism,how to improve body metabolism how to raise your metabolism,keto diet nature metabolism. The fast metabolism diet plan pdf organic body detox. Use that leftover ham bone from your holiday dinner to add so much delicious flavor to this amazing metabolism boosting soup. Phase 1 reactions phase 1 reactions are classified into oxidation, reduction and hydrolysis. Fast metabolism diet phase 1 food list carbs monday and. Recently, a third phase of metabolism has been proposed phase iii, in. It is day 2 of phase 1, first week of the fast metabolism diet. Jun, 20 fast metabolism diet phase 1 food list unwind stress and calm the adrenals.
As explained in great detail in other chapters see 5. Phase 1 metabolism involves chemical reactions such as oxidation most common, reduction and hydrolysis. Drug metabolism can be divided into the phase i reactions functionalisation and the phase ii reactions conjugation. Drug metabolism is normally divided into two phases, phase i or functionalisation reactions and phase ii or con jugative reactions. Still having a hard time remembering the allowed food for the phase 1 of the fast metabolism diet. I grabbed a notepad and started taking notes, which developed into the cheat sheets im sharing with you. Fast metabolism diet phase 3 healthy fats and meal guide look what i got increase metabolism diet pills. Sep 16, 2019 fast metabolism diet phase 1 food list here is the list of foods you are allowed to eat during phase 1. The rationale behind this diet plan is that eating the right foods at intervals of 12 hours will keep your metabolism active and support your digestive system, thereby. Phase 1 and phase 2, sometimes the products of phase 2 metabolism are further metabolized in phase 3 reactions. These reactions include hydrolysis, reduction, and oxidation. Drug metabolism is the metabolic breakdown of drugs by living organisms, usually through specialized enzymatic systems. Often these reactions involve the introduction of polar functional groups such as oh to drug molecules to make them more hydrophilic.
Phase ii reactions include glucuronidation, sulfation, acetylation, methylation, conjugation with glutathione, and conjugation with amino acids glycine, taurine and glutamic acid that strongly increase hydrophilicity. And the idea of eating small meals throughout the day is not a new one, it keeps your body fueled and your blood sugar steady. There are three possible results of phase 1 metabolism. Heres a day in phase 1, complete with your breakfast, snacks, lunch, and dinner. It is generally well known that if you regularly skip breakfast, you can recover, the body will feel the future hunger and begins to save energy, which slows down the metabolism. In this phase, we focus on targeting the adrenals and soothing psychological stress. Choose from 198 different sets of phase 1 metabolism toxicity flashcards on quizlet. The kidney readily eliminates the resulting watersoluble conjugate, or the bile if the molecular weight exceeds 300. Overview definition consequences types phase iii in detail enzyme inductioninhibition first pass metabolism 3. The enzymecatalyzed reactions of phase i metabolism bind oxygen, hydrogen, water, or amino acids to the lipophilic drug molecule to expose or introduce a hydroxyl oh, amino nh 2, sulfhydryl sh, or carboxyl cooh polar functional group, and thus, result in a modest increase in the parent drugs water solubility. Here is the full list from various food groups that. Xenobiotics substances foreign to body include drugs, processed food, food additives, cosmetic products, environmental pollutants, agrochemicals.
Jan 06, 2019 the key difference between phase i and phase ii metabolism is that the phase i metabolism converts a parent drug to polar active metabolites while phase ii metabolism converts a parent drug to polar inactive metabolites metabolism drug metabolism is the anabolic and catabolic breakdown of drugs by living organisms. We really want to flood the body with nutrients that stimulate digestion and the metabolism. Phase i reactions involve hydrolysis, reduction and oxidation, exposing or introducing a functional group oh, nh 2. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Importantly, recent work toward an understanding of the specific targets of apapprotein binding and new developments in the possible clinical use of measurements of. Introduction to phase i and ii metabolisms phase i. Learn phase 1 metabolism toxicity with free interactive flashcards. In this phase an existing functional group already presents in the drug molecule or created by phase i metabolism such as alcohol, phenol, amine is masked or inactivated by a process of.
Phase i reactions involve hydrolysis, reduction and oxidation, exposing or introducing a functional group oh, nh 2, sh or cooh to slightly increase hydrophilicity. Its lengthy and if you have metabolism b symptoms, it may be worth trying. I suggest planning out your meals like this for the week, making your 28 days on the fast metabolism. Some drugs just undergo one or the other but the majority will undergo phase 1 and then phase 2 sequentially. The insertion of a hydroxyl group allows a phase 2 conjugation. The morning meal accelerates metabolic processes in the body. Difference between phase i and phase ii metabolism. It is highly variable among drugs and depends on biological conditions. Phase 1 drug metabolism functional conversion to polar metabolites in preparation for conjugation. The key difference between phase i and phase ii metabolism is that the phase i metabolism converts a parent drug to polar active metabolites while phase ii metabolism converts a parent drug to polar inactive metabolites metabolism drug metabolism is the anabolic and catabolic breakdown of drugs by living organisms. Phase i metabolism tends to be reduced in the elderly, along with polypharmacy, predisposing elderly patients to cyp450 related interactions.
Phase i reactions convert the parent drug into more polar metabolites through introduction or exposing oh, sh, or nh2 functional groups. Use that leftover ham bone from your holiday dinner to add so much delicious flavor to this amazing metabolismboosting soup. Drug metabolism is the phase of biochemical transformation of the drug. Clinical protocol amendment 1 covance study 8353316 confidential protocol 523hv001 final 2. The rationale behind this diet plan is that eating the right foods at intervals of 1 2 hours will keep your metabolism active and support your digestive system, thereby. Metabolism of drugs is usually divided into phase 1 and phase 2. Biotransformation drug metabolism linkedin slideshare. Oct 01, 2015 fast metabolism diet phase 3 healthy fats and meal guide look what i got increase metabolism diet pills. It was developed by food coach hailey pomroy, a celebrity nutritionist and the author of the new york times bestseller, the fast metabolism diet. Biotransformation is affected by the species of the test. Phase i biotransformations include oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis reactions. Hence, drug metabolism is an important aspect of living systems.
Phase i, ii, and iii metabolism will be included beginning with phase ii, which is first in the timeline for apap. The metabolism of foreign substances can be separated into two phases. The involved chemical modifications incidentally decrease or increase a drugs pharmacological activity andor halflife, the most extreme example being the metabolic activation of inactive prodrugs into active drugs, e. However, phase ii metabolism remains relatively preserved in the elderly. These are the benefits of a diet for obese you need to know. The fast metabolism diet revamps your metabolic rate, resulting in weight loss. Factors affecting metabolism 1 the rate at which metabolism of toxic substances occurs is dependent on a variety of factors that can be categorized into two groups.
Here is the full list from various food groups that are approved for this phase. The metabolism phase is absent for the few drugs that are not transformed. Choose from 500 different sets of 1 phase 2 metabolism flashcards on quizlet. Fast metabolism diet phase 1, 2 and 3 ultimate guide for. It is important to know the difference between aliphatic and alicyclic systems. Phase i metabolism is characterized as a functionalization reaction, where they add or reveal a functional group by oxidation, reduction, or hydrolysis, hence, leading to increase in overall. Fast metabolism diet phase 1 food list here is the list of foods you are allowed to eat during phase 1. More generally, xenobiotic metabolism from the greek xenos stranger and biotic related to living beings is the set of metabolic pathways that modify the chemical structure of xenobiotics, which are compounds foreign to an organisms normal biochemistry, such as any drug. Phase i biotransformation reactions introduce or expose functional groups on the drug with the goal of increasing the polarity of the compound. High in carbohydraterich foods, high in natural sugars, high in b and c vitamins. Abnormal metabolism of fats lipids leading to abnormalities in the level of fats in the blood stream e. Phase 1 reactions are almost nonexistent in the fetuses of laboratory animals.